Zephaniah
Introduction
The name “Zephaniah” means “The Lord has hidden or God
hides.” He prophesied during the
reign of Josiah. Josiah reigned
from 640 B.C. to 609 B.C but the ministry of Zephaniah did not cover that entire
31 year period. The theme of the book of
Zephaniah is the revelation of social and moral conditions plus the disciplinary
value of suffering. It also touches
upon the day of the LORD. Zephaniah
was also of royal descent based upon his short genealogy presented in the first
verse. This book is one of the most
graphic of the Minor Prophets as it deals with the spiritual pride and idolatry
of Judah which will resulted in their captivity in Babylon.
Zephaniah 1:1
(KJB)
The word of the LORD which came unto Zephaniah the son
of Cushi, the son of Gedaliah, the son of Amariah, the son of Hizkiah, in the
days of Josiah the son of Amon, king of Judah.
Here Zephaniah gives a genealogy which is something rare
for a prophet of God to do. Elijah
the Tishbite came on the scene all of a sudden but nothing is known about his
past. Not much is known about Cushi
except that he was the great grandson of King Hezekiah.
The same with Gedaliah.
Jeremiah mentions a Gedaliah but he is of a different lineage.
Amariah is also one that is not known well as other books mention an
Amariah but they are different families.
We do know that the Hizkiah above is referring to King Hezekiah which
means that Zephaniah was in the royal line.
Zephaniah prophesied in the years between 640 B.C. and 609 B.C. during
the reign of King Josiah of Judah.
Zephaniah prophesied against the wickedness and idolatry which was rampant in
Judah and that judgment was approaching.
Babylon carries Judah away in three different phases, they were 606 B.C.,
597 B.C. and 586 B.C.
Zephaniah 1:2
(KJB)
I will utterly consume all things from off the land,
saith the LORD.
Here the LORD makes an authoritative declaration that he
is going to consume all of Judah off the land.
The word “consume” means “perish or terminate.”
Since Judah had fallen into such sinful rebellion against God, they were
soon going to experience the judgment of God upon them for walking in rebellion.
The thriving land of Judah would become as a waste land.
Zephaniah 1:3
(KJB)
I will consume man and beast; I will consume the fowls
of the heaven, and the fishes of the sea, and the stumblingblocks with the
wicked; and I will cut off man from off the land, saith the LORD.
Here the LORD states that the cleansing will be so
thorough that even the birds, beasts of the land and the fish of their seas and
lakes will be consumed. God is the
creator so he has the right to remove or destroy any and all life from the land.
This sounds like the declaration that God made to Noah when he was going
to destroy the world in a flood.
Genesis 6:7 (KJV) And the LORD said, I
will destroy man whom I have created from the face of the earth; both man, and
beast, and the creeping thing, and the fowls of the air; for it repenteth me
that I have made them. Judah
was steeped in idolatry and that is described as the stumblingblocks.
The idols are stumblingblocks because they stand in the way of
discovering who the real God of the universe is.
Then God speaks about cutting man off from the land which would have
reference to the coming Babylonian captivity that would begin in 606 B.C.
Zephaniah 1:4
(KJB)
I will also stretch out mine hand upon Judah, and upon
all the inhabitants of Jerusalem; and I will cut off the remnant of Baal from
this place, and the name of the Chemarims with the priests;
The judgment of God will reach into every part of Judah
and that includes Jerusalem where the temple was and the priests who accompanied
the temple worship. Idolatry was so
rampant that God states that he is going to cut off every remnant of Baal from
the land which would be Dan to Beersheba.
The “Chemarims” were idolatrous priests.
In 2 Kings 23:5 we read.
2 Kings 23:5 (KJV) And he put down the
idolatrous priests, whom the kings of Judah had ordained to burn incense in the
high places in the cities of Judah, and in the places round about Jerusalem;
them also that burned incense unto Baal, to the sun, and to the moon, and to the
planets, and to all the host of heaven.
The Hebrew word behind “idolatrous priests” is the word “kâmâr” which is
the word for “Chemarims” that is left untranslated in Zephaniah 1:4.
The regular priests must have tolerated or gone along with the idolatrous
priests since they have also been singled out as a group that will be cut off
from the land.
Zephaniah 1:5
(KJB)
And them that worship the host of heaven upon the
housetops; and them that worship and that swear by the LORD, and that swear by
Malcham;
Then there were those Israelites which had taken up the
worship of the sun, moon, and stars which was a popular cult in the ancient near
east. They were given strict
warning against astral worship in the Law of Moses.
Deuteronomy 17:3 (KJV) And hath
gone and served other gods, and worshipped them, either the sun, or moon, or any
of the host of heaven, which I have not commanded;
Then they would also be swearing by the name of the Lord and worshipping
him but their hearts were still steeped in idolatry as Jeremiah addressed this
problem too.
Jeremiah 7:9-10 (KJV) Will ye steal,
murder, and commit adultery, and swear falsely, and burn incense unto Baal, and
walk after other gods whom ye know not; {10} And come and stand before me in
this house, which is called by my name, and say, We are delivered to do all
these abominations? Not only
were they swearing by the name of the LORD but were also swearing by the name of
Malcham which was also known by Milcom, Molech, and Moloch.
Amos had addressed this idolatry.
Amos 5:26 (KJV) But ye have borne
the tabernacle of your Moloch and Chiun your images, the star of your god, which
ye made to yourselves. Solomon
also made that grave mistake of worshipping Moloch.
1 Kings 11:5 (KJV) For Solomon
went after Ashtoreth the goddess of the Zidonians, and after Milcom the
abomination of the Ammonites.
All idolatry was going to be dealt with in Judah.
Zephaniah 1:6
(KJB)
And them that are turned back from the LORD; and those
that have not sought the LORD, nor inquired for him.